Genetics video

Today we watched a video on genetics. We took notes on the video. He is going to collect the notes.

• We inherit genetic material from our parents.


• A monk name Gregor Mendel created experiment to figure out how this happened.


• He did an experiment using peas like our pea soup simulation.


• Each parent contributes one factor.


• the factors are genes.


• they can tell what the offspring might look like, but they can also pass some diseases.
  


• Morgan started working with fruit flies to experiment.


• Morgan took a fruit fly with red eyes and one with white eyes.


• The offspring had red eyes.


• All of the flies with white eyes where male.


• Gender is determined by chromosomes.


• Morgan found out that the eyes and x chromosomes had some relationship.


• diseases are caused by problems with genes.


• George Beetle worked with Morgan.


• Beetle took bread mold and experimented with it.


• Beetle aerated the chromosomes and the mold didn't grow.


• When Beetle added the nutrients the mold started to grow again.


• This showed that genes did more that give the characteristics to offspring.


• Barbara Miclintok was a scientist.


• Miclintok researched the genetics of maize.
  


• The color showed where the break in the chromosomes occurred.
  


• The color would show up in different parts of corn.


• Transposons are in all different things.


• Miclintok's work was ignored.


• Alford Hershey and Martha Chase found out whether it was the protein in the bacteria or DNA that caused viruses.


• They found out that it was DNA.


• James Watson were finding out about DNA.


• He made a 3-D version of DNA.


• He got a a x-ray of the DNA and finished the structure.
  


• They found out that it was a double helix.


• People knew that DNA made protein.
  


• Scientists found that cells with lots of protein had lots of RNA.


• Scientists found out that mRNA translated instructions from DNA and made protein.


• They found out that when they where aligned with triplets it made proteins.


• The triplets were amino acids.


• Merinbourg found out how to decipher the genetic code.


• Certain types of bacteria had enzymes that stopped viruses from taking over the bacteria.


• Smith found out that the enzymes cut the DNA in the place it was.


• Through a process called alternative splicing RNA can make more protein.


• Jeffreys was a detective.


• Jeffreys found a DNA variant called mini satellite DNA.


• DNA fingering was used in Jeffrey's case.

I think that today's lesson was on the history of how people found out about genetics.

SD

Genotypes

Today we started on class with Mr. Finley telling us that our class was a little behind the other classes. We continued our discussion from yesterday about talking about who could do the U shape with their tongue. In Jake Vignali's family, only him and his mother could do that. We figured out their genotypes were: Dad-cc Mom-Cc Jake-Cc Billie-cc JoJo-cc We figured that Jake would have one capital and one lower case c because he is a hybrid. This means that he only got this trait from his mother(capital C) and the didn't get this trait from his father(lower case c). Billie and JoJo both have lower case c's because the didn't get this trait at all. Together as a class we had made a punnet square of the Vignali's genotypes with the U shape tongue. In the punnet square, we didn't have any CC. We didn't have any because only one of the parents could make the U shape. We had to go over again what dominant and recessive meant. Dominant means that the specific trait overpowers the others. It is most visible. For example, in our class we could tell the U tongue shape because it is dominant in our class because everyone in our class could make the U shape besides one person. Recessive means that the specific trait is less visible and doesn't overpower the others. Some traits are genetically linked. An example that Mr. Finley gave us was that if your parents are good artists, they could pass the trait down. Also some genes block other genes from doing something. The most mutation is albinism. Albinism is the same as being Albino. A mutation in you means that all of the sudden in your life, a gene just changes. Heterozygous means they are different. Cc(genotypes) is considered a heterozygous because they are two different alleles. Examples of homozygous could be CC and cc. But cc is called homozygous recessive. CC is called homozygous dominant because capital C's means dominant. CC has two of the same alleles and same with cc. Now we have been given the challenge to make a punnet square of Ron and Herminees genotypes(Harry Potter characters). We ended class with Mr. Finley letting us know that we have a study session at 7 a.m. The picture shows you dominant and recessive alleles. In the attached picture, do not pay attention to the Gene Loci

Chris Tangreti ROUND #4

The first thing we did when we came into class was go over our homework. The problem we went over the most was question 3. That was about Spongebob and Spongesusie and if they had a kid what would it be. Square is the dominant allele for Spongebob which means it will over power the other genotypes. The genotypes for Spongebob were Rr and SpongeSusie was rr. If they had kids they would have two round kids and two square kids. The second part was about chances of getting round or square kids. The chance for a square kid is 50% and the chance for a round kid is 50%. Then we talked about the tongue curling. Johnny couldn't curl his tongue and same with his parents, but his brother and sister could. There are a few explanations for this maybe that Johnny's parents could do it they just do not know how to control their muscles. Also, maybe a gene cancelled that gene out. For this to happen is very unlikely. Jake could do it and so could his mom, but his dad and two other brothers could not. The moms genotype could have been Cc and the dad's genotype could have been cc. Jake's genotyoe is Cc and his two other brothers are cc. C means you can roll your tongue and c means you can not. Some people didn't understand this but they could just have just drawn a punnet sqaure like the one above. That will help their understanding of finding kids genes and where they come from.

SF Period 7 Blog 4

7th Period Sience Class- Jimmy Evangelos

In the beginning of class, we handed in our meiosis and genetics paper. In this homework assignment we had to compare similarities and differences between meiosis and genetics. After that, we had a discussion group and we talked about the meaning and placement in the pea soup experiment of four different key terms. They are: Dominant Traits, Recessive Traits, Genotypes, and Phenotypes. We found out that in the pea soup experiment the dominant traits were yellow color and smooth texture. The recessive traits were green color and wrinkly texture. Also, the genotypes were the letters and the phenotypes were the texture and color.

Dominant Traits: Traits that are more likely to be in your children.

Recessive Traits: Traits that are less likely to be in your children.

Genotype: The genetic organization that is not visible in the organism.

Phenotype: The genetic organization that is visible in the organism.

Notice that the letters are not visible on the peas (genotype) and the color and texture are (phenotype). Also, the children are all yellow and there's one yellow parent and one green parent. This proves that green is a recessive trait and yellow is a dominant trait.

-Jimmy Evangelos

Pea Soup!

First Mr. Finley told us we had to write a paper connecting genetics with meiosos and mitosis that has 12 font, double spaced, and is 1 page. It has to be double spaced. We then started talking about the Pea Soup! experiment. We didn't do a great job identifying patterns and similarites and differences we have already seen. Some were that all the green peas had yy letters and the yellows had Yy and YY. The yellow peas have atleast 1 uppercase Y. All the round peas had atleast 1 uppercase R. This means its round. Evidence its only 1 is the parent has 2 RR and the children are rR and they are all round. We chose to have a yellow pea thats round by itself. The children of it should have 3 yellow peas and 1 green pea. 3 will be round, and 1 will be wrinkled. We ended up with 2 yellow round, 1 yellow wrinkled, and 1 green round. We then discussed how to be able to predict transmission. Since 50% of chromosomes come from the parent and 50% come from the other parent. The method to figure out colors are that the first child gets the first Y's from the first ys of the parents. The second child gets the first Y from the first parent and second from the 2nd parent. The 3rd child gets its first letter from the 1st parents 2nd letter and 1st letter from the 2nd. The last child gets the 2nd letters from the parents. We figured out that the letters represebt chromosomes. To explain that 50% chromosomes come from each parent is that the egg and sperm are haploids. So you end up with 2 sperm with the first letter, 2 with the second. And the other 2 eggs with the first letter, 2 with the second.
IW

At the beggining of class we went over our homework. We spoke in our groups about what the questions last night were about. Our group said that the questions were meant to make us think about where our traits came from. Mr. Finley then asked us about where our traits came from and which parent gave them to us. We figured out that our parents somehow give us all of our genes. We then continued playing our pea soup game. We had to continue coming up with predictions and try to get 5 correct predictions in a row. Our group didn't come up with the right hypothesis. We only got a couple of correct outcomes. Jordan was the only person in the class that fully understood the simulation.

Period 7 Blog

Today in class we did, we signed into the website. Also we are covering over what we did yesterday. If you were out yesterday then go to yesterdays blog. Basically to sum it up yesterdays dusscion we were talking about how the child (male) goes through puberty and then they develope sperm cells in meiosis. Now today we are talking about what happens to a girl, today, and how it is different from a male. Now on the website we went to Genetics and clicked on Pea Soup! Then dont even read that thing that pops up. Just there is a button that says Click for the experiment. OR something like that. CLick on that, and just write down that is on the screen. Copie that down without doing the actual simulation. Youjust write what you see. Here is what my group saw. We saw two parent cells ans 4 daughter cells. The colors of it could be green or yellow. There is upper case letters and Y's and R's. Same textures as the parents. Half of the kids look like one parent and the other looks like the other parent. There are little circles all by the children. Those are called radio buttons and you can click them. You chose two peas and breed them together. Then they become the parents and then they have 4 children. So now we are playing this game. So the point is to breed the children correctly 5 times in a row. On the same website. Loriks group prediction is that 1/2 is going to look like one of the parents and the other 1/2 will look like the other parent. Here is what we will have to do. -hypothesis -prediction -test -check outcome matches -then revise hypothesis. -then try to figure out what the letters mean If your peas look the same no matter what x out and start again Thats what we did in class today! ALSO WE HAVE A TEST A WEEK FROM TODAY ON MEIOSIS KK

Science Blog: Jake V

Today we picked up by starting with prophase II. Jimmy organized the chromosome pairs around the nucleus. He then made the nucleus breakup which is what happens in prohase II. Jimmy then took two centrioles and placed them in front of the pairs. We then did metaphase II, first we had the chromosomes line up in the middle. Then we had the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. We then moved on to anaphse II. Then the spindle fibers pulled the chromosomes apart, "NO BESTIES!" Finally we moved on to telophase. First the spindle fibers disappear. We then had the nuclei reform. We then found out when mitosis is performed It's called a single cell reproduction. You could also say it reproduces asexually.When a zygtote goes through mitosis as a boy/male it will become a human baby.Also a stem cell is a cell that cant decide which kind of cells they want to be. After a infant is born it goes through even more mitosis if it wants to grow.It looks like this basically, then when we enter puberty we go through meiosis in the testes. While were going through this 4 sperm cells is created through each mitotic process. We also learned that a sex cell can also be refereed to as a gamete. But even after puberty ends we still will be going through mitosis. Then we talked about how Jordan married a lady and they then engage in a sexual intercourse. Once they do the sperm and egg cell combine to start the fertilization process. Then once this is done a little Jordan is born. By Jake V Period 7 Mr.Finley

Class Simulation

Today we started a Mitosis and Meiosis review simulation. The first time Mr.Finley was the director. First we did Mitosis. The first step is Interphase. The kids got in tight in a big Circe.

Then they got in chromosome and put their arms around each other, then another two kids came and were centreals, which is Prophase.

Next, Metaphase, they stayed in chromosome and line up in the middle of the desks. The kids that were centrals when to opposite sides of the kids and got string (spindle fibers) and attached them to the arms of the kids. Then the held onto the string. Each chromosomes is made up of two chromotid.

Next Anaphase, they centreals pull the chromotid to opposite polls of the cell. After they are

pulled and straight they are called chromosomes again.

Next Telophase, they took off the string and the two groups of 4 kids got into to circles. The cell membrane started to pinch.

Then we did Mieosis. Then Chris was the director. he put all the kids in a big bunch for Interphase.

Then Stephen and Jordan were the directors for Prophase 1. They put them into tetrads becasue of crossing over where the chromosomes share DNA. The chromosomes line up with other chromosomes and form homologous pairs.

Next Sambavi was the director for Metaphase 1. The homologous pairs get separated during this stage. The homologous pairs lined up in the center of the cell. Then the cenreals go to opposite polls of the cell. Then the spindle fibers (string) are attached to the homologous pairs (the kids in pairs). They are all lined on the Metaphase plate.

Next Rachel was the director for Anaphase1. The centreals pull the pairs apart to opposite polls.

Next Natalie was director for Telophase1. Then the kids got into a circle for Telophase 1 like they were in different cells. Then we had to stop since we were running out of time. We are going to finish it up on Monday. It was a fun and a good reviewing day. It helped everyone understand Mitosis and Meiosis better.

Johnny S

First Mr. Finley checked our homework on the meiosis worksheet, and the notes about crossing over. Then we discussed crossing over. Crossing over is when homologous pairs excange parts of their chromotids, or DNA so each haploid cell can become different. When the homologous pairs meet, it is called tetra. If homologous pairs cannot cross over, all sperm cells would be exactly the same. That is what the picture is about. The reason why you do not look exactly like your siblings is because the sperm cell that fertilized the egg with you was different then the sperm cell that fertilized the egg with your brother. These sperm cells were probably similar which is why you probably look similar to your brother. We also learned that identical twins are two sperm cells in one egg. The two sperm cells would be so similar, and the two new babies would both take the traits of that one egg. Furturnile twins are two sperm cells and two egg cells meeting. This forms two zygotes which means two babies that look very similar, but not identicle. So a very general reason for looking similar to someone would be different, but a similar zygote, (from the same parents). Also we talked about how meiosis creates haploid cells. haploid cells have fifty percent chromosomes, so when these cells mix with the opposite gender's reproductive cell which also has fifty percent chromosomes, merge and make one hundred percent chromosomes. With fifty percent chromosomes from the female and fifty percent chromosomes from the male.

Jordan Price

3/22/11 Blog

We started off class by going over the venn diagram we had to do for homework last night. We said that the main differences between mitosis and meiosis are that mitosis, are that mitosis has 8 steps and meiosis has 15 steps. We said that mitosis ends with 100% chromosome and meiosis ends with50% of chromosomes. We also said that meoisis creates haploid cells, which include polland, sperm, and egg. And mitosis creates diploid cells such as skin. We said meioiss has 2 divisions and mitosis has 1 division.Another difference is that metaphase has 1 homologus pairs line up in the middle and anaphase is 1 homologus pairs seperated. And the metaphase in mitosis lines chromosomes up on middle. And anaphase rips the chromosome apart. We siad that meiosis has a proccess called crossing over which occurs between homologus pairs. this doesn't happen in meiosis because the chromosomes get pulled apart in mitosis. We said that each chromosomes gives DNA to eachother ending up with 50% each so this means that all sperm cells are never the same. Mr. Finley asked us a question which was how come we don't look exactly like our siblings. The answer is that each cells are arranged differently so one sibling might have blue eyes and the other might hhave brown eyes. We also came up with simularities which are that they both start of with 100% chromosomes and they share some of the same stages. We also said that metaphase 2 for meiosis is simular to mitosis metaphase.



Jake P

Period 7 Science

Today we had a subsitute for science. We had to go to Mr.Finley's webpage on the school district website. Then, we had to go to ''cell reprouduction'' and click on Mitosis and Meiosis. After you read the presentation you have to create a venn diagram that outlines the similarities and differences of between the two processes, create drawings in your notebook af the different stages of MEIOSIS ONLY!!! After that, include additional notes about each stage of MEIOSIS. That's pretty much what we did today.

Here's a link to the presentation!

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/dvi_flash.html

SP

reproduction

VP-#4
Sex does not mean the same thing as reproduction. Girls have a set number, 1 egg each month. Boys only get sperm cells when they hit puberty. The body will stop releasing eggs when the zygote forms. For fish all the time they fertilize the eggs outside the body. Fish do not have to have sex. The boy fish let all their sperm go at any time. Sperm cell has 50% and egg has 50% of chromosomes. there are 4 homologous pairs which is really 8 chromosomes. Homologous pairs are 2 chromosomes needed to code for the same trait.

Here is a link for a picture of a sperm cell:
http://saintzy.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/sperm-cell.jpg


Sperm cells are made by using meiosis.


Here is a link for a picture of meiosis:
http://dbscience3.wikispaces.com/file/view/meiosis-big.gif/63281204/meiosis-big.gif


VP-#4

The homework that was due today is due tomorrow because a lot of people couldn't get to the link because they didn't have a plug in. So they should do it during homeroom or study hall. Then we talked about how paramecium replicate using mitosis. We also talked about the specific steps of mitosis. They are the chromosomes turn into chromtid. The centrosomes turn into centrioles and move to opposite sides of the cell. They then shoot out spindle fibers and they connect to the chromtid's centromere and they split them apart. Then the membrane pinches together and pull apart and become two new cells. Then we talked about our reproduction then we went through the process. Sex isn't reproduction. It is a method of delivery. The sperm and and egg have to be in the same place that's called fertilization. Zygote is what the cell is called when the egg and sperm are in the same cell. Eggs come from the ovaris and sperm comes from testicles.

T.G.

To start today two groups presented their slide shows. After that we reviewed the questions that we had to do in class yesterday with a partner. I learned that single celled organisms go through binary fission. During the review of the questions someone asked if there's male and female bacteria and immediatly he noticed that the answer was no. Mr. Finley showed us karyotypes which are pictures of our chromosomes. We also saw autosomes which carry almost all of our traits. There are 44 kinds and 22 pairs. For sex chromosomes if there's xx your a girl if there's xy your a boy. There are 46 chromosomes. 23 from your mom and 23 from your dad. There are 23 homologous pairs. In a chromosome one side is a chromatid and the other side is another chromatid. That's for x shaped chromosomes.

JM

Friday, March 11th (sorry this is a day late.... didnt know i had to blog)

Today, we got assigned a project on mitosis. we have to create a power point slide show with our tables about mitosis and the phases included in it. we were allowed to bring in our cell phones and take pictures of the phases of mitosis using post-its and 2 white boards. you would send the pictures to your email and download them onto the computer, then inserted into your slide. the slides had to cover mitosis of a fruit fly, with a picture and description of what happens in the phase, using your knowledge and notes. we had all period to work on the power point, plus some of Monday to work on it, depending on how much the average of the class had to finish. in this class, we had half the period for Monday to finish. then, we would have to present the slides for a group grade. my group finished with all of the information, but we still needed backgrounds, which wasn't too bad. overall, this class finished with most of our slides, and there weren't any major issues with downloading pictures and finding information. please go to mr. finley or ask someone at your table for extra help!!

if you weren't here on friday, so sorry i thought i was going on monday :(

-nm 4th post

Today, we finished our powerpoint presentation on the steps of mitosis for a fruit fly cell. Mitosis is the process in which a parent cell divides, or reproduces asexually to create two daughter cells or create a new cell. Some of the information that should be on your powerpoint is:
Phase 1 (Interphase): The chromatins in the nucleous replicate. The cell condenses. This one of the longest stages. Proteins are being produced.
Phase 2 (Prophase): The cell condenses. The chromatins turn into chromosomes. The nucleous begins to disappear. Centrosomes turn into centreols.
Phase 3 (Metaphase): The centreols make spindle fibers which attach to centromeres. The chromosomes line up. The nucleous is completely gone.
Phase 4 (Anaphase): The spindle fibers split the chromosomes. They pull to different ends of the cell.
Phase 5 (Telophase): The two nuclei form and the chromosomes unwind and turn back into chromatins.
Phase 6 ( Cytokinesis): When the cell splits into two daughter cells, there are now two nuclei. One in each cell. There is no more membrane binding the two cells together. They stay near eachother, but they are still two seperate cells.

At first we discussed our answers for pg.97 in the textbook. This we did in our groups. Mr. Finley gave us until 12:30. Then after that Mr. Finely dicussed what we leard the last couple of days.He could not walk around the all the different groups,because he was teaching his own lesson. We had a discussion of what happens in prophase. The main thing that happens during prophase, is that the nucleus breaks down. Mr. Finley reminded us that there are alot of similar words, for example some are, Chromozone chromatid,chromotin. when a student got confused.

The three main things that happen during prophase is the chromatin turn into chromezones, the nucleus breaks down, and the centrosome become two centreolles and move to opposite parts of the cell. Each centreolle split the chromozone by shooting spindle fibers at the chromozone and pull it apart.When cells messd up in mitosis( this happens rarly) people can get cancer or toumers.

During Telaphase a new nucleus comes back, also chromozones turn back into chromatin. Then the cell membrane starts to strech. the starting of splitting happens in the very end of Telophase. The actual splitting happens during cytokenisis. Y.S

staions

Today we are continuing our stations. My group is at the station where we are looking at an onion root tip on a micriscope on the smartbored. Mr. Finley is talking about a cell reproducing. He is pionting to a cell to point iut the cell wall forming. Now he is showing us a cell that is starting in anaphase. When an amnimal cell divides it pinches and then split apart.
Now we are at a new station where we are on the computers on a website and taking notes. I am drawing a picture of the cell on the website.
Notes:
interphase: cells may appear inactive during this stage but they are quite the opposite. Its the longest period during which the DNA replicates.
Prophase:
During this stage the nucleus fades and cromatin condences into cromosomes.
BB

3/8/11 stations

Today we started class by taking out our lab sheets from yesterday. Mr. finley said then that we were going to be doing station work today. Our group first had to do station 1 which was completing questions in the textbook on page 97. Another group was at the smartboard with Mr. Finley, and the last group was online at cellsalive.com on the mitosis site. At station 1 the group went over some qustions about mitosis based on a graph with the amount of time the cell spends in each section. Some of the questions were like how long is the cell in interphase and how long is mitosis. Our group got done with all the multiple choice questions and then got to some open-ended ones about how to set up an experiment to test for mitosis while changing a ariable. We said that you could do one plant under high power light and another under low and a final one with no light.At the smart board with Mr. Finley we said that in the onion root cell we will see mitosis because the roots need to get water for the onion. We also said that the died parts in the cell are chromosomes that are seperating and that different cells can be in different stages but one cell can be inbetween two different stages. We said that in anaphase spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes to make a new cell. We did not get to station 3 so check Tomorrows blog to see what happens on cells alive.com in stage 3.
I(n the picture above chromosomes are being seperated to make a new cell.

PH

Cell Division Date 3/ 7/ 11

Today we began the class by working on our cell division worksheet with the onion ring. We are using microscopes in order to answer the questions on this worksheet. Mr. Finley reminded us that the onions we are using are not necessarily going through metaphase. Then, one of our classmates asked a very good question which was, "When we looked at grass cells and onion cells before, why didnt we expect to see mitosis?" Then Mr. Finley explained to us that we are now looking at the root of the onion. And we expect to see mitosis now because the root collects nutrients and water for the onion in order for the onion to grow and develope. This is why we expect to see it go through mitosis. Under low power of the microscope we saw one big circle that had hundereds of other really light circles. Inside each of the little circles we saw a darker circle in the middle and in the middle of that we saw a black dot. When we switched it to high power we saw in greater detail, the lighter circles. And we believed that those were the cell membranes of the cells. Inside that we saw a darker brownish circle that we believed was the nucleus of the cell. Lastly, in the center of that we saw a smaller black circle. And we believe that the black dot could potentially be the DNA (deoxyribo nuclaic acid). Our group also something quite peculiar. We saw that we saw a cell had two black circles and we believed that it was quite interesting. Our group had found several stages in our onion. We found anaphase, telephase, interphase, and prophase. We noticed that some cells were bigger than others. Which are signs of mitosis occuring.

Today was a great day because it really got my group and I thinking and understanding the stages of cell division.

BY,
LB

Today, we started out by talking about chosing group leaders. One person a day in each table has to be the leader of the group meaning that they must keep their table group on task. The 3 responsibilities of the leader are:
1) Make sure everyone is engaged and everyone is participating in the discussions.
2)Make sure everyone is on task (members of the group are not wandering around the room, talking about non-science realted topics, making sure that if the group gets off topic that they get back on topic as quickly as possible)
3) Make sure things get done on time.
If the requirements are not met, the leader will lose their 5 participation points.

Next, we continued going over the questions that we did on 78 and 85 in the science book on March 1st.
4) Q:How does DNA compact before a eukaryotic cell divides?
A:The DNA is wrapped up around proteins in chromosomes.
5) Q:Why do injuries to the skin generally heal faster than injuries to the brain?
A:Because the skin cells have a shorter life cycle. It has more layers underneath that are available in case you lose cells when you get hurt and need more right away.
7)Q: What are the 2 main parts of the cell cycle?
A:The 2 main parts are interphase and mitosis.
9) Describe the steps of mitosis.
1) Prophase- chromosomes condense
2) Metaphase
3) Anaphase- chromosomes seperate
4) Telophase- 2 nucli are formed

Then, we started our lab. For our lab, we are using microscopes to look for tips of onion roots and then we answered questions on the worksheet we got.

vp-3

We are doing some questions in class today.

1. What is an example of a one celled eukaryotic organism?
2. One example is paramicium.
3. What is an example of a multi celled organism?
4. one example is a human.
5. which example above would use mitosis to grow/develop/repair cells? Why?
6. The multi celluar organism needs to grow, so that means humans use mitosis and a paramicium does not.
7. How would the other use mitosis?
8. The other cell does not use any mitosis.
9. What would be true about the 2 resulting cells?
10. Both cells would use the same DNA.
11. Is this true about any 2 cells we compare in a multicelluar organism?
12. Yes, because all eukaryotic multi celled organisms perform mitosis.

CELL REPRODUCTION IS MITOSIS!!

First Mr. Finley checked our homework. So you know since everybody in the class completed both assignments so if you were either absent or not paying attention you got 2 extra credit points. The term for cell reproduction is mitosis, or you may hear cell division. The 5 stages of mitosis are Interphase, then Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and finally telophase. How to tell which fase a cell is in...you would have to look at the arrangement of chromosomes.

In mitosis, for a new cell to be made, a cell has to split in half. In order to split in half it needs new DNA for the new cell. This is how new cells are made. DNA is in its spegetti like strand and then it gets copied or replicated. Then there is new DNA for the new cell.To bond the two DNA strands there is something called a kineticore. Only Eukariotic cells may do this. Prokaryotic cannot do this because they do not have a nucleus. If you don't have a nucleus you can't make chromosomes. Whats the reason we need new cells some on asked? You need new cells because if you get a cut in your skin, you need more cells to to fill the cut. Also you would need more cells because since you grow, you would need more cells to to get bigger. You would have more skin, which would need more skin cells. That is just one example, but there are many. Everything is ready before mitosis occurrs such as proteins, new DNA, and chromosomes. Interphase is like your everyday for a cell except that one day where you do things differently like a holiday. This holiday is just metaphore for mitosis.


Jordan Price

Today in Mr. Finleys class we did...

First we checked that everyone had there homework. The homework from last night was to go on his webpage and then the homework was under the homework thing. Then you had to click on the Monday- aTranslation and then there was a link to this website. There was also this like example and a paragraph. For homework we had to sum up the paragraph.
Going over the homework. Suming the
What does the term script me for you? he asked. Some of the answers were...persive writing. John Hancok, page, feather pen, the band, transcripts. Most people think of the word script as....writing. Transcript means writing and coping. The transcript of this class is when we rewrote the symbols on a different sheet of paper. On the homework website they colorful things are the nuclitides. Then we did the simulation. We just transcripbed the RnA. He askedd what happened to the Dna. Also what happened to the RnA to make the Dna. What would happen after the Rna is already made? Answer: it would have to.... zip back up . If the Rna left there would be a broken up, just floating around. Durind dna replecation the whole thing unzipps forever. Why would we try to make more dna? Where is dna? Where would we find it? He asked. It would be the same in every part of your body. We need Rna to do everything. From sending our brain signals. Or to tell us that our eyes are blue. Rna is the real thing, but dna is the code that sends the coppied message. what does it mean to translate something. Sean said to decode it. To make it easy to understand. The rna goes into the cytoplasm and then goes to, the ribosomes. The point of protein synthesis is, it makes a protein. Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are made up of molecules. Molecules are made up from adoms. We know what amino acids we neeed by the order of the nucletides. 3 mucletides are codons.
Here is a pic of Dna

By KK

At the beginning of class Mr. Finley chacked if we had done the homework. He then talked about how we should read over things multiple times to make sure we get what we are reading. He said we can also write things down and use the pictures provided to help you understand. We continued the notes that we had started on Thursday. We learned all about DNA and how only some kinds go together. Adenine and Thymine go together and Cytosine and Guanine go together. Then we moved on to how DNA replicates. We said that the parts of DNA seperate and other parts of DNA that are floating in the nucleus attach to the parts that seperated. That replicates it and makes more DNA. 50% of the DNA is new and 50% of it is old. It is called semiconservative because it saves half of the old DNA.

Science Class

First we came into class. Then we review the rules of the activity that we started yesterday. The objective of the game is to get the one group to say the message in English, but they can not talk. In the beginning the group that couldn't talk sent a message to us asking what we did. We told them that we can decoded things. Then the group that couldn't talk sent us the message. We decoded the message and sent it to the group that needed to read it out loud. They didn't now what to read it at first. We sent them a message saying to read it out loud. We had won the game. Then we answered some questions on the whiteboard. What part of the cell was table A? The answer is they was a nucleus because they started with the original message and had to transfer it and copy it. Also it sends signals to the organelles, like they did in the game. And the nucleus copies DNA just like they had to copy the message. Second question was what did the message represent? It represented DNA. The nucleus stores DNA like blueprints. The last question was what were the purpose of the rules? The answer is so it was like a real cell. The nucleus can't move just like group A. The kids sitting in a circle was the membrane of the nucleus. Only a copy of DNA can move like the copy of a message. They couldn't talk because the membrane can't communicate. Next we started to take notes. The nucleic membrane has little pores in it for transportation. DNA can come in different forms. There is Chornatin which is like twirled spaghetti. There is Chromosomes which is like two rubber bands rolled up. Lastly there is a Double Helix, which is like a twisted ladder. A section of each Chromosome is called a gene, which has traits. DNA stands for deoy ribo-nucleic acid. It is basically two sugar strings twisted. It was a good day. We took some fast notes, but got to finish our game which was fun.

Johnny S

Jordan Price

First Mr. finley talked about how ATP is needed by plants and animals to move. The substitute teacher yesterday was wrong about anaerobic respiration creating Beer as a product. It creates Lactic Acid. Glucose can be used for cellular respiration, a part to grow, or stored as fat. In order for a plant to grow it needs to take in xCO2, and releases xO2. This creates another cell. The bigger the plant the more CO2 it needs to create the additional cell. This is how a plant grows. If you were here at the day of Mr. Barret (sub), then just discard an information he gave you. If you use his information you will do badly on quizes, and you will confuse yourself. (In the picture you are looking at a glucose molecule. The red balls, representing oxygen atoms, are in the process of breaking down glucose). However if glucose isnt broken down it can't be turned into ATP. Oxygen is needed to break it down. After the oxygen is used to break down the glucose it is released. Photosynthesis uses light, water and Carbon Dioxide to create the glucose and the Oxygen. This makes them related. The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of Cellular Respiration. We also talked about how temperature is caused by how much we face the sun. In the winter we don't face the sun. At our warmest time of the year we directly face the sun. Some scientists understand advanced science but not basic science like Stephen. He made this argument and was proved wrong. Then we talked about the difference between Breathing and Cellular respiration. We were told that breathing gets the oxygen to the cells, and then cells take the oxygen and the glucose to repirate or to respire. Also blood is red when you bleed because it is mixing with the oxygen in the air. when blood is pumbed to th cells the blood is red because it has oxygen in it. Without the oxygen or when the blood is being pumped away from organs and cells the blood is blue. Next we played a game. However we did not finish the game.

Jordan Price

Jake V blog

Today we started science class with giving Mr.Finley our lab reports. We then said that gasses and liquids can be considered as fluids. We then looked at the homework and said that the hotter the water the more respiration will occur. Therefore that would mean that a balloon would blow up more with more than one that lets off less respiration, but with too hot water nothing can make nothing happen.I have attached a photo above to show what I mean. The blue balloon represents cold water, the green shows room temperature water. The yellow means a little warmer than room temperature, and finally the red balloon is very warm water. We also looked at a graph, this graph represented how as the temperature increases so does the respiration. The graph starts at the bottom and as the temperature increases so does the amount of respiration, which in the graph shows it in climbing.We then said with cold water, the particles are not killed but slowed down. With the hot water it burns the particles literally to death.We then we talked about how anerobic respiration is a type of acid.

Jake V Period 7

Marking Period is Over

Right when we came into class Mr. Finley cut right to the chase and talked about our grades. If you got a zero on the blog it is either because you did not do it or you forgot to right your name. He also put the grades for our comments. Your name had to be on it. Also for some reason the extra credit grades did not show on the grades. Check with Mr. Finley on your own time and make sure he has the right amount of extra credit points. Then we started reviewing from Wednesday. We gave example of stuff that requires energy like blinking, talking, and many other stuff. We get the glucose from food and then it is turned into ATP which is chemical energy. If we were a dog organism we would have to provide it with air. Air is 70% nitrogen. It would need water. Fish have filters that separate oxygen and water. Our lungs also have filters it filters the nitrogen from the oxygen. We can not breathe under water because we can not filter the water and oxygen. We are having a project where we are getting a organism that live in the water. We can pick what we are going to test. It will not be a fish it will be an aquatic animal. We cant test types of sugar, types of water, temperature and light. We met with our groups and talked about what we are going to do. The students have to bring in the supplies they need. My group is doing the type of water.
Stephen Ferraro Period 7

1/26/11 Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration

Today we satrted out class by Mr. Finley coming around to check homework. We then discussed the formula for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (Cellular respiration- C6H12O6---> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP) (Photosynthesis- 6CO2+6H2O+light energy----> C6H12O6+6O2)

We then said that the formulas were backwards. The Reactants and the products are reversed. The purpose of photosynthesis was to make glucose and the purpose of cellular respiration was to break down glucose to make energy. Since the process is reversed the equations must be reversed. We took a survey to determine that plants do go through respiration. Plants need energy so they must go through respiration. Plants dont just give off oxygen. We cant live in a world where there are only lions and us. They eat us and we eat them. If there were no plants there would be no glucose and no ATP (energy) so we cant move and function without it. Then we discussed a triangle of an energy chain. It went with Plants, Primary sources, Secondary consumers, and then Tertiary consumers from bottom to top(more energy to less energy) The tertiary consumers would have to eat more plants to be at a high energy level. Photosynthesis uses the light energy to make ATP. Plants use ATP to do everything they do and they use light energy to make glucose. We then related this to our excersise experiment. As a result of doing the excersise our CO2 rate went up and cellular respiration happened. We needed more energy (cellular respiration) so that is why CO2 levels went up. You warm because your body needs to get ready for the excersise. you have to tell yourself to start respiration and give you energy. Todays class seemed to give us a better understanding of photosynthesis vs cellular respiration.

PH

Today in class mr Finley came around and checked our homework. Then we had a question on the board that said if we landed on a new planet why would scientists tell you to plant green plants and what we would have to know about the planet before we do it. Our class was trying to figure it out then we figured out the reason we need to put plants on a new planet is because of oxygen. Plants give off oxygen in photosynthesis and we take it in. We need plants on that planet so we can breathe. We also said that the planet also needed water, carbon dioxide and light because those things are neccesary in plant life and we need plants to survive so therefore we need all those three things. Mr Finley then came back to the question he asked earlier which was "can plants survive without oxygen?" about half the class said yes and have the class said no. The correct answer was no. Plants can't survive without oxygen because it is a neccesity in their life. He also said that the biggest differnce between humans and plants is that plants make their own food and humans don't. We also said that fruits and carbs have alot of glucose and the reason people eat carbs before they do a sport is because it has alot of energy.

Jake P

The last class only had 1 group do it right. So Mr. Finley challenged us to do better. Today we are doing a slightly modified lab from yester day. We ar e basically doing the same thing as yesterday except we are testing to find out how light effects photosynthesis instead of carbon dioxcide. You want to get a green leafy plant because it will photosynthecise easier because there are a lot of cholroplasts in each leaf which does photosynthecise. Baking soda is really sodium bicarbonite. The procedure is the same except Mr. Finley gives you baking soda instead of you getting soduim bicarbonite. Also the amount doesn't change. Lastly you need to put a light 10 cm away and watch it for 4 minutes then move it to 20 then lastly after 4 more minutes move to 30 and wait 4 more minutes. As you are going write down the data.

T G

Today we first started by taking out our homework. What we had to do was write our prediction for the experiment we are going to do today. There are 6 groups and 2 groups got the low, 2 groups got the medium, and 2 groups got the high. Mr. Finley told us about this super purified water that got boiled until it couldn't boil anymore. It's more purified than fiji water and if we drank it, the over purified water would just continue to rush into our cells and pop all of our cells. For the experiment we have to do with our groups we have to see if any bubbles rush up to the top. We have to count how many will come up. We have to watch every minute. We are recording all of our data. my group was testing the medium.

Jonathan Munroe

Elodea and Photosynthesis

Today we started of by letting Mr. Finley check our homework. Then for the students who were absent on Friday, Mr. Finley chose two people to catch up those students. Next he gave the tests back. Mr. Finley then gave stickers to the classmates who had the top 5 grades in the class. The equation for photosynthesis is 6Co2+6H2O+Light energy--->C6H12O6+6O2. Plants get CO2 from the stoma on the plant. The organelle in plants that is responsible for photosynthesis is the chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is the pigment found in in the organelle that absorbs light to power. If a plant were under water and was photosynthesizing, oxygen would be visible from the plant. The following picture in the top right corner is a diagram of photosynthesis. We need light energy to trigger a reaction in photosynthesis. Mostly photosynthesis doesn't happen in the dark.

CT

january 14th

photosynthesis fomula

today in class, we started off with reviewing the hw from last night, which was more element equations (hw can be found on mr. finley's website). we discussed them and helped each other with our tables. after about ten minutes, we picked two problems to review: #s 1 and 8.

1. __2__Na + __2__ H2 O = __2__ Na O H + __1__ H2

8. C7 H16 +__11__ O2 = __7__C O2 + __8__ H2 O

• we also learned that 6 molecules of carbon dioxide is 6 CO2 + 6 water molecules is 6 H2O = C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2, which is the same as sugar.


• SUGAR is used for FOOD


• the "food" is used for growth and for supplements of nutrients for energy to do things


• for example, the mass of a plant is made of water and carbon dioxide becuase the nutreints in it are stored and used for photosynthesis.


• without food, we can die becuase it helps us thrive.

-nm

Period 7 Science

Sorry I frogot to add a link.
Please go to the following link to se a picture of Tonicity levels.Thanks!


http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/images/wiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb//7/76/Osmotic_pressure-on_blood_cells_diagram.svg

Sambavi Prakasam

Period 7 Science

First, Mr.Finley told us we would have a quiz on Tuesday or Wednesday on tonicity stuff, diffusion, active transport, passive transport, concept maps, and osmois.Also, Mr.Finley said that we wre going to have to present our quiz corrections to him from now on. After that, we got back a bunch of papers from the first and second marking period. Another thing was that the new website was taken down and replaced with the new one. Then, Mr.Finley told us that he updated the blogging calender, even if you went three times he put you at the end of the list, you have to tell him if you went three times. Then, we talked about the experiment on Friday. We said that 50 grams of water, which is mass, which is the amount of something that makes it up. Then, if you add 10 grams of sugar to the water you get 60 grams of sugar water. This happens because nothing went away. So it is really 50 grams of sugar water. Which is 50 grams equals 10 grams ash added to 40 grams smoke.The fundamental conservation of maps is that what you have in the begining is still there in the end.
Sambavi Prakasam

7th Period Science Class

We started off our science class by playing a homework review game. This game worked by every person in our class would recite a fact we learned from the simulation on Mr. Finley's home page. This simulation was on photosynthesis and how it worked. When someone said a false fact or repeated a fact someone else said, they would be knocked out. From this, we learned that photosynthesis is not just made from light energy, but carbon dioxide and water too. We also learned that around the stoma, an opening in the plant, guard cells specializes in opening and closing the stoma for carbon dioxide to enter.

After that, we started talking about what mass is. We learned from our discussion, that mass is the value of the amount of particles. The two examples of mass are kilograms and grams. They can be used to weigh anything. We later talked about how whenever an animal (or humans) eats something, the weight of the food adds on to your weight. To prove this, we performed an experiment using a large graduated cylinder full of water on a scale to act as a person. This weighed 273.7 grams. Then we weighed the sugar and said it was 6.5 grams. We poured the sugar into the large graduated cylinder with a small graduated cylinder. The final weight of the sugar-water in the large graduated cylinder was 280.3 grams. This proved that if you eat something, the weight of the food will be added on to your weight.

Stoma: A large opening in a plant for the carbon dioxide to enter it.

Guard Cells: Cells surrounding the stoma which open and close it for carbon dioxide to enter the plant.

Mass: The value of the amount of particles.

A gram scale




After that, the bell rang and 7th period was over. That's what we did in science class.


-Jimmy Evangelos

Mr. Finley's Class

In Mr. Finley's class, Mr. Finley is checking people for the Lab homework. We started a lab. To get there you have to sign in, go to Mr. Finley's page and go to cells structure and functions. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and there is a link to the website that the lab is on.( Celluar Transport) In the lab, there is a table on it, and we are going over the table. The homework was to finish the table and answer the questions. How to get to the questions: Underneath all the ways to do the lab, if you scrool down there is all different pictures. Click on the one that says journal. It will take you to the questions.
Plant has a cell wall which maintains its shape. There wasn't there any bacteria cells because a paramecium is an animal cell not a plant cell. Basicially we just went over homework this whole time. Right now Mr. Finley is giving us an example of a hypotonic cell, and we are trying to figure out concentration, and the ratio. He said when you compare things you need to have like denomanaters so now we are simplifing the ratios that he is giving us so the denominaters would be equal. So when you compare things try to have like denominaters.

First, we went over 3 vocabulary words:
isotonic- Solution has (liquid mixture) an equal concentration compared to something.
hypertonic-more energy when hyper, more concentration 'higher' than something else.
hypotonic-low concentration.
Then, Mr. Finley drew an ice tea example using hypotonic and hypertonic to compare. After that, we did an exampe of our own.
Mr. Finley gave us a problem in which we had a small cap of solution and a large jug. We had to figure out whether, compared to B, A was isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. We made the amount of salt and water for each A and B into fractions. A, was 0.2g/1mL. We reduced that to 2g/10mL and finally reduced that to 1g/5mL. B was 4g/20mL, we reduced that to 1g/5mL. Tomorrow, we are going to do the lab.

Click on this for a definition of hypotonic:
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hypotonic_solution

He is a diagram of a hypertonic solution

RT

Science blog by Jake V

Today in science we talked about, food and how it supplies us with energy. We then had to define a couple terms. These terms were cell membrane diffusion, passive transport, active transport, osmosis and concentration. We defined diffusion as something that refers to all kinds of molecules. We defined osmosis as something that only refers to water. We defined concentration as something that's responsible for the transportation of water molecules. We defined an active transport as something that is responsible for, using energy to move a material through a membrane. We defined a cell membrane as a barrier to protect the cell. Then finally we define passive transport as something that is responsoble for, raising and lowering the concentration level. Then we were told that an example of difusion would be collogne in a mall. or dye in water. We then had to create a concept map. I have attached a picture of a graph similar to what we did so you can see what we were trying to accomplish today. Our graph had similarities and differences with Mr.Finleys though. That's just about all we did in science today. Jake Vignali